Web archive¶

Installation¶

1. Make sure you have a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed on your system. GeoServer requires a Java 17 or Java 21 environment.

   Linux

   We recommend using your Linux package manager allowing Java to be managed and patched alongside your operating system:

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install openjdk-17-jdk
   

   You may also choose to download an OpenJDK release for Linux:

   • https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases/?version=17 Temurin 17 (LTS) - Recommended

   • https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases/?version=21 Temurin 21 (LTS)

   The developer tool SDKMan <https://sdkman.io/> may be used to manage several versions:

   # list to determine latest Temurin JDK 17
   sdk list java | grep "17.*-tem"
   sdk install java 21.0.8-tem
   
   # list to determine latest Temurin JDK 21
   sdk list java | grep "21.*-tem"
   sdk install java 17.0.16-tem
   
   # change between versions 17.0.16-tem and 21.0.8-tem locally
   sdk install use 17.0.16-tem
   

   Windows

   Download an OpenJDK release for Windows:

   • https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases/?version=17 Temurin 17 (LTS) - Recommended

   • https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases/?version=21 Temurin 21 (LTS)

   MacOS

   Download an OpenJDK release for MacOS:

   • https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases/?version=17 Temurin 17 (LTS) - Recommended

   • https://adoptium.net/temurin/releases/?version=21 Temurin 21 (LTS)

   Homebrew package manager provides a “formula” to install OpenJDK:

   brew install openjdk@17
   

   The developer tool SDKMan <https://sdkman.io/> may be used to manage several versions:

   # list to determine latest Temurin JDK 17
   sdk list java | grep "17.*-tem"
   sdk install java 21.0.8-tem
   
   # list to determine latest Temurin JDK 21
   sdk list java | grep "21.*-tem"
   sdk install java 17.0.16-tem
   
   # change between versions 17.0.16-tem and 21.0.8-tem locally
   sdk install use 17.0.16-tem
   

   Note

   For more information about Java and GeoServer compatibility, please see the section on Java Considerations.

2. Navigate to the GeoServer Download page.

3. Select the version of GeoServer that you wish to download.

   • If you’re not sure, select Stable release.

     Examples provided for GeoServer 2.28.0.

   • Testing a Nightly release is a great way to try out new features, and test community modules. Nightly releases change on an ongoing basis and are not suitable for a production environment.

     Examples are provided for GeoServer 3.0-SNAPSHOT, which is provided as a Nightly release.

4. Select Web Archive on the download page:

   • geoserver-2.28.0-war.zip

   • geoserver-3.0-SNAPSHOT-war.zip

5. Download and unpack the archive.

6. Deploy the web archive as you would normally. Often, all that is necessary is to copy the geoserver.war file to the application server’s webapps directory, and the application will be deployed by the application server.

   Note

   A restart of your application server may be necessary.

Tomcat Hardening¶

Hide the Tomcat version in error responses and its error details.

1. To remove the Tomcat version, create the following file with empty parameters

   cd $CATALINA_HOME (where Tomcat binaries are installed)
   mkdir -p ./lib/org/apache/catalina/util/
   cat > ./lib/org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties <<EOF
   server.info=
   server.number=
   server.built=
   EOF
   

2. Additionally add to server.xml the ErrorReportValve to disable showReport and showServerInfo. This is used to hide errors handled globally by tomcat in the host section.

   vi ./conf/server.xml

   Add to <Host name=... section this new ErrorReportValve entry:

   ...
        <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
              unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
   
          ...
   
          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve" showReport="false" showServerInfo="false" />
   
        </Host>
      </Engine>
    </Service>
   </Server>
   

3. Why, if security by obscurity does not work?

   Even though this is not the final solution, it at least mitigates the visible eye-catcher of outdated software packages.

   Let’s take the attackers point of view.

   Response with just HTTP status:

   HTTP Status 400 – Bad Request
   

   Ok, it looks like a Tomcat is installed.

   Default full response:

   HTTP Status 400 – Bad Request
   Type Status Report
   Message Invalid URI
   Description The server cannot or will not process the request due to something that is perceived to be a client error (e.g., malformed request syntax, invalid request message framing, or deceptive request routing).
   Apache Tomcat/7.0.67
   

   Ahh, great, the software is not really maintained. Tomcat is far outdated from Dec. 2015 (6 years old as of today Jan. 2022) with a lot of unfixed vulnerabilities.

4. Notice: For support reason, the local output of version.sh still outputs the current version

   $CATALINA_HOME/bin/version.sh
    ...
    Server number:  7.0.67
    ...
   

Running¶

1. Use your container application’s method of starting and stopping webapps to run GeoServer.

2. To access the Web administration interface, open a browser and navigate to http://SERVER/geoserver .

   For example, with Tomcat running on port 8080 on localhost, the URL would be http://localhost:8080/geoserver.

3. When you see the GeoServer Welcome page, GeoServer has been successfully installed.

   

Update¶

Update GeoServer:

• Backup any customizations you have made to webapps/geoserver/web.xml.

  In general application properties should be configured using conf/Catalina/localhost/geoserver.xml rather than by modifying web.xml which is replaced each update.

• Follow the Upgrading GeoServer to update geoserver.war.

  Before you start, ensure you have moved your data directory to an external location not located inside the webapps/geoserver/data folder.

• Be sure to stop the application server before deploying updated geoserver.war.

  This is important as when Tomcat is running it will replace the entire webapps/geoserver folder, including any configuration in the default GEOSERVER_DATA_DIR file:geoserver/data folder location or customizations made to web.xml.

• Re-apply any customizations you have made to webapps/geoserver/web.xml.

Update Tomcat:

• Update regularly at least the container application! And repeat the hardening process.

  There are a lot of GeoServer installations visible with outdated Tomcat versions.

Uninstallation¶

1. Stop the container application.

2. Remove the GeoServer webapp from the container application’s webapps directory. This will usually include the geoserver.war file as well as a geoserver directory.

   Remove conf/Catalina/localhost/geoserver.xml.